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New Height of Mount Everest ( माउंट एवरेस्ट की नई ऊंचाई )

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New Height of Mount Everest ( माउंट एवरेस्ट की नई ऊंचाई ) नेपाल और चीन के संयुक्त सर्वे में  दुनिया की सबसे ऊंची चोटी माउंट एवरेस्ट की नई ऊंचाई का पता चला है। भारत द्वारा 1954 में बताई गई ऊंचाई 8,848 मीटर से यह 86 सेंटीमीटर ज्यादा है। 2015 में भयानक भूकंप सहित अन्य कारणों से इसकी ऊंचाई में बदलाव की चर्चा के बीच नेपाल सरकार ने इस चोटी की सटीक ऊंचाई मापने का फैसला किया था।  नेपाल और चीन ने मंगलवार को संयुक्त रूप से घोषणा की कि माउंट एवरेस्ट की नई ऊंचाई 8,848.86 मीटर है। काठमांडो में विदेशमंत्री प्रदीप ग्यावली ने इसकी घोषणा की। चीन ने 2005 में ऊंचाई 8844.43 मीटर बताई थी।  पहले दो बार चीन इसकी अलग - अलग ऊंचाई बता चुका है।  शी जिनपिंग का मुख्य एजेंडा था....    पिछले साल जब चीन के राष्ट्रपति शी जिनपिंग नेपाल यात्रा पर आए, तो एवरेस्ट को संयुक्त रूप से मापने पर सहमति बनाना उनका प्रमुख एजेंडा था। तब पर्यवेक्षकों ने ध्यान दिलाया था कि चीन अपनी तरफ से भी यह काम कर सकता था। उसने 2018 में इसकी शुरुआत भी कर दी थी। चूँकि यह चोटी नेपाल में पड़ती है, इसलिए चीन के माप को ...

Syllabus B.A/B.Sc. 2nd year

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Syllabus B.A/B.Sc. 2nd year
Paper-1 Economic Geography


Unit-1 : Nature, scope and development of Economic Geography. Major concepts- Economic landscape, stages of economic development , typology of economic activities (Primary, secondary , tertiary quaternary ) Resource- concept and classification.

Unit-2 :  Soil and major soil types , Forest types and their products ; Agricultural land use and locational theory by Von thunen : Distribution production and international trade of principal crops- rice, wheat, sugarcane, cotton , tea, coffee, and rubber, Agricultural regions of the world by Whittlesey.

Unit-3 : Marine resource and Aquarcuhure- Major fishing areas, their production and trade. nature of Occurrence, distribution, production and trade of minerals- Iron , Manganese, Bauxite, Copper, Mica and Gold ( in major producing countries ) Power resources production and utilization of coal, Petroleum, Hydroelectricity and atomic energy.

Unit-4 :  Locational factors of industries and their relative significance, webers theory of Industrial location . Types of industries, Location, Location patterns and development trends of Manufacturing industries- Iron and steel, Textiles, Ship Building, sugar, paper and chemicals, major industrial regions of U.S.A and japan.

Unit-5 : Means and Modes of transport- major trans continental railways, International Air and sea routes; inland water ways (Panama and Suez canals) , Changing pattern of international trades, major trade organizations and trade blocks- COMECON, EFTA, NAFTA, OPEC- their objectives and trade relations.


Book Recommended

1. Allexander, J.W. Economic Geography
2. Robinson, A.H. jones, C.F. and Darkenwarld G.G principles of economic geography
3. Boesh, Hans, A geography of world economy 
4. Bengston and Reyen, Fundamentals of Economic Geography 
5. Zimmerman, E.W introduction to world Resources .
6. Chisholm M. modern world development A geographical perspective.
7. Singh , K.N.& singh j. Arthik bhoogol ke mool tatva ( hindi) 
8. Jain, P, Arthik bhoogol ki samiksha ( Hindi)
9. Srivastava V.K &Rao B.p arthik bhoogol.
10. Wheeler, J.O etal; economic geography , john Wiley, New York 1995.



Paper 2nd 
( Geography of India )

Unit - 1 : India in the context of Asia and the world : Structure Relief and Drainage system; major physiographic regions of India; The Indian monsoon- Origin and characterstics, effect of El Nino la Nina , climate division , soil types and conservation.

Unit - 2 : Forest resources- their utilization and conservation ; Power resources ( water,coal, mineral oil and atomic) and mineral resources ( Iron ore, Bauxite, Mica, Manganese ) their reserve, distribution , production, trade and conservation River Valley projects; Tehri dam & Narmada valley.

Unit -3 :  Indian economy : Agriculture - main characteristic and problems of Indian agriculture; Irrigation , mechanization and Green Revolution; post revolution scenario- recent trends; major Agricultural regions. Industries- Locational factors; development and spatial pattern of major industries ( iron and steel , textiles, cement , sugar, paper , oil refinery and fertilizers ) Major Industrial regions/complexes.

Unit - 4 :  Population-growth, distribution and density, demographic and occupational structure, Literacy, Urbanization with special reference to post-Independence period, Population problems. Transport and Trade- Development of Transport Network, railway zones, road development and air routes; foreign trade- salient features , recent trends and trade direction, major ports.


Unit -5 :  Regional development & disparities after independence; major issues and planning of some problems areas- Flood prone areas, Drought prone areas and Tribal areas 
Detailed geographical study of uttar pradesh.



Book Recommended 

1.  Spate, O.H.K & Learmonth A.T.A India and pakistan
2.  Singh R.L , India-A Regional Geography
3.  P. Sen Gupta : economic Regions and regionalization of India 
4.  Nara Ashok , Levels of Economic development of India 
5.  J. Singh , India-A comprehensive Systematic Geography
6.  T.C. Sharma & countino, 0. Economic Geography of india 
7.  R.V verma ; Geography of india ( Hindi)
8.  S.C. Bansal ; Geography of India (Hindi)
9.  Gopal singh , Geography of India 
10. Ramamurti , Geography of India Systematic 










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